Fluxo de Dados do Sistema

🔄 Visão Geral do Fluxo de Dados

O Payment Gateway processa dados através de múltiplas camadas, garantindo integridade, segurança e rastreabilidade em todas as transações.

📊 Diagrama de Fluxo Principal

┌─────────────┐    ┌─────────────┐    ┌─────────────┐    ┌─────────────┐
│   Client    │───►│ API Gateway │───►│   Payment   │───►│  Provider   │
│ Application │    │  Validation │    │   Service   │    │   Adapter   │
└─────────────┘    └─────────────┘    └─────────────┘    └─────────────┘
       ▲                   ▲                   │                   │
       │                   │                   ▼                   ▼
┌─────────────┐    ┌─────────────┐    ┌─────────────┐    ┌─────────────┐
│  Webhook    │◄───│  Response   │◄───│  Database   │◄───│  External   │
│  Processor  │    │  Handler    │    │   Storage   │    │     API     │
└─────────────┘    └─────────────┘    └─────────────┘    └─────────────┘

🎯 Fluxos Detalhados

1. Fluxo de Criação de Pagamento

2. Fluxo de Webhook Processing

3. Fluxo de Dashboard Analytics

📋 Tipos de Dados Processados

1. Payment Data

{
  "id": "pay_12345",
  "amount": 100.00,
  "currency": "BRL",
  "method": "credit_card",
  "customer": {
    "email": "[email protected]",
    "name": "João Silva"
  },
  "metadata": {
    "order_id": "ORD-001",
    "source": "ecommerce"
  }
}

2. Transaction Data

{
  "id": "txn_67890",
  "payment_id": "pay_12345",
  "provider": "stripe",
  "provider_transaction_id": "pi_1234567890",
  "status": "succeeded",
  "amount": 100.00,
  "fees": 3.99,
  "net_amount": 96.01,
  "processed_at": "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z"
}

3. Webhook Event Data

{
  "id": "evt_abc123",
  "type": "payment.succeeded",
  "provider": "stripe",
  "data": {
    "payment_id": "pay_12345",
    "status": "succeeded",
    "amount": 100.00
  },
  "received_at": "2024-01-15T10:30:05Z"
}

🔐 Segurança no Fluxo de Dados

1. Criptografia em Trânsito

• TLS 1.3: Todas as comunicações externas

• mTLS: Comunicação entre serviços internos

• JWT: Tokens de autenticação assinados

2. Criptografia em Repouso

• AES-256: Dados sensíveis no banco

• Vault: Gerenciamento de secrets

• Tokenização: Dados de cartão de crédito

3. Validação e Sanitização

// Exemplo de validação de input
const paymentSchema = Joi.object({
  amount: Joi.number().positive().max(1000000).required(),
  currency: Joi.string().length(3).uppercase().required(),
  customer: Joi.object({
    email: Joi.string().email().required(),
    name: Joi.string().min(2).max(100).required()
  }).required()
});

📊 Transformação de Dados

1. Normalização de Providers

// Adapter pattern para uniformizar respostas
class ProviderAdapter {
  normalizeResponse(rawResponse) {
    return {
      id: this.extractId(rawResponse),
      status: this.mapStatus(rawResponse.status),
      amount: this.normalizeAmount(rawResponse.amount),
      currency: rawResponse.currency?.toUpperCase(),
      created_at: new Date(rawResponse.created_at).toISOString()
    };
  }
}

2. Agregação para Analytics

-- Query para dashboard analytics
SELECT 
  DATE(created_at) as date,
  COUNT(*) as total_payments,
  SUM(amount) as total_amount,
  AVG(amount) as average_amount,
  COUNT(CASE WHEN status = 'succeeded' THEN 1 END) as successful_payments
FROM payments 
WHERE created_at >= DATE('now', '-30 days')
GROUP BY DATE(created_at)
ORDER BY date DESC;

🔄 Fluxo de Estados

Payment Status Flow

created → processing → succeeded
   │           │           ▲
   ▼           ▼           │
failed    canceled    refunded

Transaction State Transitions

const VALID_TRANSITIONS = {
  'pending': ['processing', 'failed', 'canceled'],
  'processing': ['succeeded', 'failed'],
  'succeeded': ['refunded'],
  'failed': [],
  'canceled': [],
  'refunded': []
};

📈 Performance e Otimização

1. Caching Strategy

• Redis: Session data, temporary calculations

• Application Cache: Provider configurations

• Database Query Cache: Frequently accessed data

2. Batch Processing

// Batch webhook processing para alta carga
const batchSize = 100;
const webhookBatch = await WebhookQueue.dequeue(batchSize);
await Promise.allSettled(
  webhookBatch.map(webhook => processWebhook(webhook))
);

3. Database Optimization

• Indexes: On payment_id, merchant_id, status, created_at

• Partitioning: By date for large transaction tables

• Read Replicas: For analytics queries

🔍 Monitoring e Observabilidade

1. Data Flow Metrics

• Latency: P50, P95, P99 para cada stage

• Throughput: Requests per second por endpoint

• Error Rate: Por provider e método de pagamento

2. Business Metrics

• Conversion Rate: Successful payments / total attempts

• Revenue: Real-time and historical tracking

• Provider Performance: Success rate por provider

3. Alerting Rules

# Exemplo de regra Prometheus
- alert: HighPaymentFailureRate
  expr: rate(payment_failures_total[5m]) > 0.1
  for: 2m
  labels:
    severity: warning
  annotations:
    summary: High payment failure rate detected

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Última atualização: December 2024